Comparison of adult-male Chinese Grosbeak Eophona migratoria (bottom L) and adult-male Japanese GrosbeakE. personata (all others). The half-hood and completely yellow bill of male Japanese are easily recognizable features and contrast with the full hood and black-tipped bill of Chinese. The wing of Chinese (bottom L) shows a larger white patch on the primaries as well as white tips. Secondaries and tertials are fringed white. Japanese (middle L) shows only a simple white patch on otherwise blue-black primaries. Thrush-sized Japanese is also 20 percent larger than Chinese. Chinese Grosbeak is present year-round in Shanghai and breeds in inner-city parks. Japanese Grosbeak is an uncommon passage migrant. Bottom L: Wusong Paotaiwan Park, Shanghai, September. Others: Magic Parking Lot (30.885000, 121.968306), Cape Nanhui, Shanghai, November. (Craig Brelsford)
